1. Kronologija razvoja epidemije 1. Chronology of epidemic development

2. Mjere koje je Vlada poduzela 2. Measures taken by the Government

• Svi strani državljani koji ulaze u Hrvatsku iz područja gdje su žarišta zaraze, posebno iz dijelova Kine, Italije, Južne Koreje i dr, bit će upoznati s obaveznom mjerom smještaja u karantenu na 14 dana, prije ulaska u Hrvatsku. All foreign nationals entering Croatia from the area of focus, especially from parts of China, Italy, South Korea, etc., will be informed about the mandatory quarantine accommodation for 14 days, before entering Croatia.
• Preporučuje se odgoditi sve organizirane skupove s više od 1000 ljudi. It is recommended to postpone any organized gatherings with more than 1000 people. Svi oni koji će ih ipak održati dužni su osigurati visoke higijenske standarde. All those who will maintain them are bound to ensure high hygiene standards.

3. Preporuke 3. Recommendations

Ministarstvo zdravstva podsjeća na sljedeće preporuke za osobe koje se vraćaju iz područja povećanog rizika od koronavirusa. The Ministry of Health recalls the following recommendations for people returning from an area at increased risk of coronavirus.

Tijekom 14 dana po povratku u Hrvatsku za vrijeme samoizolacije kod kuće: During the 14 days after returning to Croatia during self-isolation at home:

• Svakodnevno kontaktirajte epidemiologa Contact an epidemiologist daily
• Mjerite tjelesnu temperaturu Measure your body temperature
• Pazite na pojavu simptoma respiratorne infekcije (kašalj, otežano disanje itd.) Watch for symptoms of respiratory infection (cough, shortness of breath, etc.)
• Redovito perite ruke ili koristite hidroalkoholnu otopinu  Izbjegavajte kontakt s trudnicama, kronično bolesnima, starijim osobama i slično Wash your hands regularly or use a hydroalcoholic solution  Avoid contact with pregnant women, the chronically ill, the elderly and the like
• U slučaju potrebe za odlaskom u zdravstvenu ustanovu javite se nadležnom epidemiologu If you need to go to a healthcare facility, contact a competent epidemiologist

U slučaju znakova respiratorne infekcije tijekom 14 dana nakon povratka u Hrvatsku: In case of signs of respiratory infection within 14 days after returning to Croatia:

• Telefonski nazovite nadležnog epidemiologa, opišite mu svoje simptome i obavijestite ga o svom nedavnom boravku u Kini, Južnoj Koreji ili regijama Lombardija i Veneto u Italiji Call a competent epidemiologist by phone, describe your symptoms, and inform him of your recent stay in China, South Korea, or the Lombardy and Veneto regions of Italy
• Izbjegavajte kontakt s osobama oko vas i stavite masku Avoid contact with people around you and put on a mask
• Ne odlazite liječniku ili na hitni prijem bez prethodnog dogovora s nadležnim epidemiologom koji će organizirati odlazak na pregled Do not go to a doctor or emergency room without first consulting with a competent epidemiologist who will arrange for you to be examined

Preporuča se izbjegavanje putovanja u Kinu koja nisu nužna. It is recommended to avoid trips to China that are not necessary.

U slučaju neodgodivog odlaska, preporučuje se: In the case of an urgent departure, it is recommended that:

• Izbjegavajte kontakt s bolesnim ljudima, pogotovo ljudima koji kašlju Avoid contact with sick people, especially people who cough
• Izbjegavajte tržnice i mjesta gdje se drže žive ili mrtve životinje Avoid markets and places where live or dead animals are kept
• Pridržavajte se općih pravila o higijeni ruku i hrane Follow the general rules on hand and food hygiene
• Prije jela, nakon toaleta ili diranja životinja perite ruke sapunom i vodom ili koristite dezinficijens na bazi alkohola Wash hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based disinfectant before eating, after toileting or touching animals
• Izbjegavajte doticaj sa životinjama, njihovim izlučevinama ili izmetom Avoid contact with animals, their excrement or feces
• Pratite savjete za putnike na web stranicama Ministarstva vanjskih i europskih poslova, Ministarstva zdravstva te Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo Follow the travel tips on the web pages of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, the Ministry of Health and the Croatian Institute of Public Health
• Gdje god putujete, pridržavajte se općih pravila o higijeni ruku i hrane. Wherever you travel, follow the general rules on hand and food hygiene.
• Rukovanje se smatra bliskim kontaktom za širenje bolesti koje se prenose kapljičnim putem, te se zbog toga preporučuje da se ljudi što manje rukuju, jer se time smanjuje rizik potencijalnog prijenosa bolesti Handling is considered a close contact for the spread of drip-borne diseases, and it is therefore recommended that people be handled as little as possible, as this reduces the risk of potential disease transmission

• Čišćenje i dezinfekcija prostora Space cleaning and disinfection
• Naputak za zdravstvene ustanove namijenjen bolesnicima i osobama u pratnji Instruction for healthcare facilities for patients and accompanying persons
• Preporuka postupanja u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama (dječjim vrtićima, školama i đačkim domovima) Recommendation for acting in educational institutions (kindergartens, schools and boarding schools)
• Preporuka postupanja u sveučilištima i veleučilištima Recommendation for acting in universities and colleges
• Preporuka postupanja u ustanovama socijalne skrbi Recommendation on acting in social care institutions
• Postupci i mjere zaštite u hotelima (hoteljerstvu)/turističkom sektoru Procedures and safeguards in hotels (hospitality) / tourism sector
• Uputa za poslodavce i radnike vezano uz nCoV bolesti (COVID-19) Instructions for employers and workers regarding nCoV diseases (COVID-19)
• Upute za pravilno pranje ruku Instructions for proper hand washing

U slučaju simptoma respiratorne infekcije tijekom putovanja preporučuje se: In the case of respiratory infection symptoms while traveling, it is recommended that:

• Nosite kiruršku masku ako ste u kontaktu s drugim ljudima Wear a surgical mask if you are in contact with other people
• Jednokratno koristite papirnate maramice i redovito perite ruke Use paper wipes once and wash your hands regularly
• Tijekom putovanja u zahvaćena područja što prije se obratite lokalnom liječniku. Contact your local doctor as soon as possible when traveling to the affected area.

4. O bolesti uzrokovanom novim koronavirusom COVID-19 4. About the disease caused by the new coronavirus COVID-19

U svim ovim područjima/zemljama intenzivno se provode mjere rane detekcije oboljelih i njihovog adekvatnog medicinskog zbrinjavanja, kao i utvrđivanja kontakata i provođenja zdravstvenog nadzora nad njima u trajanju od 14 dana od zadnjeg kontakta s oboljelim, odnosno napuštanja područja gdje je utvrđen lokalni prijenos virusa. All these areas / countries are intensively implementing measures for early detection of patients and their adequate medical care, as well as establishing contacts and carrying out health surveillance of them within 14 days from the last contact with the patients, or leaving the area where the local transmission of the virus has been established.

Prema raspoloživim podacima, inkubacija COVID-19 iznosi 2 do 14 dana, s medijanom 5-6 dana. According to available data, the incubation of COVID-19 is 2 to 14 days, with a median of 5-6 days.

Za sada postoje ograničena saznanja o punom spektru kliničke slike oboljelih, iako su najčešće zabilježeni simptomi povišene tjelesne temperature, kašlja, otežanog disanja, bolova u mišićima te umor i opća slabost. For the time being, there is limited knowledge about the full spectrum of the clinical picture of patients, although the most commonly reported symptoms are fever, cough, shortness of breath, muscle pain, and fatigue and general weakness. Teža klinička slika i potreba intenzivnog liječenja češća je u osoba starije životne dobi, kao iu onih osoba koje boluju od kroničnih bolesti. A more severe clinical picture and the need for intensive treatment is more common in older people as well as in those with chronic diseases. Postojeća klinička zapažanja upućuju da bolest često započinje blažim simptomima, a do pogoršanja dolazi u drugom tjednu bolesti. Existing clinical observations suggest that the disease often begins with milder symptoms, and worsens in the second week of the disease.

Nema cjepiva niti specifičnog lijeka. There is no vaccine or specific drug. Liječenje je suportivno. The treatment is supportive.

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5. Putevi prijenosa virusa 5. Virus transmission pathways

Unatoč spominjanju nekih vrsta životinja (šišmiši, zmije, ljuskavci i dr.) kao mogućem rezervoaru i izvoru zaraze za prvooboljele, još uvijek nije utvrđeno o kojim se životinjama radi. Despite the mention of some species of animals (bats, snakes, scales, etc.) as a possible reservoir and source of infection for the paramedics, it has not yet been determined which animals are involved. Međutim, epidemija se nalazi u fazi kada se virus relativno brzo i lako širi među ljudima u Kini i izvan Kine. However, the epidemic is at a stage where the virus is spreading relatively quickly and easily among people in and outside China. Iako je način i opseg prijenosa virusa COVID-19 s čovjeka na čovjeka još uvijek predmet intenzivnog istraživanja, čini se da dominira prijenos kapljičnim i kontaktnim putem, a vjerojatno i zrakom. Although the mode and extent of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 virus is still a subject of intense research, it seems to dominate transmission by droplet and contact, and probably by air.

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6. Situacija u Hrvatskoj 6. Situation in Croatia

U Hrvatskoj je do sada zabilježeno 14 oboljelih sa COVID-19 bolesti, ukupno 5 oboljela u Rijeci i 3 u Zagrebu te četvoro u Varaždinu. Up to now, 14 patients with COVID-19 diseases have been recorded in Croatia, 5 in Rijeka and 3 in Zagreb and four in Varaždin. Prvooboljeli je hrvatski državljanin iz Zagreba koji se zarazio tijekom boravka u Italiji (Milano, pokrajina Lombardija). The first sick person is a Croatian citizen from Zagreb who became infected during his stay in Italy (Milan, Lombardy province). Dvoje oboljelih iz Zagreba su bliski kontakti prvooboljelog. The two patients from Zagreb are close contacts of the first patient. Treći bolesnik se zarazio tijekom boravka u Italiji (Parma). A third patient became infected during a stay in Italy (Parma). Petero oboljelih iz Rijeke su bliski kontakti trećeoboljelog dok je 12. oboljeli bliski kontakt drugooboljelog iz Varaždina. Five patients from Rijeka are close contacts of the third patient, while 12 patients have close contact of the second patient from Varaždin.

Do sada je u Republici Hrvatskoj potvrđeno ukupno 14 oboljelih osoba. So far, a total of 14 diseased persons have been confirmed in the Republic of Croatia. Riječ je o dva hrvatska državljana koji rade u Italiji, a trenutno su hospitalizirani u Puli. These are two Croatian nationals who work in Italy and are currently hospitalized in Pula.

Do sad je obavljeno 365 testiranja, a 6 testova je u izradi. So far, 365 tests have been done and 6 tests are under construction.

Epidemiološka situacija u Hrvatskoj zasad je relativno mirna. The epidemiological situation in Croatia is relatively calm so far.

Postupnik za zdravstvene djelatnike. Post-Health Care Practitioner. Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo, u suradnji s Klinikom za infektivne bolesti „Dr. Croatian Institute for Public Health, in cooperation with the Clinic for Infectious Diseases „Dr. Fran Mihaljević“, izradio je postupnik za zdravstvene djelatnike u slučaju postavljanja sumnje na novi koronavirus. Fran Mihaljevic, ”drafted a procedure for healthcare professionals in case of suspicion of a new coronavirus. U postupniku su detaljno opisani kriteriji za postavljanje sumnje na infekciju, način postupanja s osobom kod koje se posumnja na infekciju, način uzimanja i slanja uzoraka za dijagnostiku, te mjere prevencije i suzbijanja širenja zaraze u zdravstvenim ustanovama u slučaju postavljanja sumnje na novi koronavirus. The procedure describes in detail the criteria for suspicion of infection, how to treat the person suspected of infection, how to take and send samples for diagnosis, and measures to prevent and control the spread of infection in healthcare facilities when suspected new coronavirus. Postupnik se redovito ažurira ovisno o novim spoznajama o samoj epidemiji i bolesti. The post-graduate is regularly updated depending on new insights into the epidemic itself and the disease.

Informacije za javnost o koronavirusu. Coronavirus Public Information. Na web stranicama Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo objavljene su i informacije za javnost o novom koronavirusu kako bi građani u svakom trenutku mogli imati dostupne informacije. Public information on the new coronavirus has been published on the web site of the Croatian Institute of Public Health so that citizens can have available information at any time.

Višejezični letci o koronavirusu. Multilingual coronavirus leaflets. Napravljeni su i letci na hrvatskom, engleskom i kineskom jeziku za putnike koji idu i za putnike koji se vraćaju iz zahvaćenog područja. Leaflets in Croatian, English and Chinese have also been made for departing passengers and for returning passengers from the affected area. Letci sadrže upute o mjerama prevencije prilikom putovanja, te što činiti u slučaju pojave znakova infekcije kao i kontakte nadležnih pripravnih epidemiologa. The leaflets contain instructions on travel prevention measures and what to do in case of signs of infection, as well as contacts with competent epidemiologists.

Upute za postupanje na graničnim prijelazima. Instructions for handling border crossings. Izrađene su i detaljne upute za postupanje na graničnim prijelazima s osobama koje ulaze u Hrvatsku, a unazad 14 dana su boravili na području zahvaćenom epidemijom virusa COVID-19. Detailed instructions have been drawn up for the treatment of border crossing points with persons entering Croatia, and for the last 14 days they have been staying in the area affected by the COVID-19 virus epidemic.

U ovom trenutku Vlada i nadležne službe poduzimaju sve što je moguće, uz trenutno dostupne i ograničene informacije o samom virusu, putevima prijenosa, kako bi Hrvatska spremno dočekala svaki mogući sumnjiv slučaj na infekciju novim koronavirusom. At the moment, the Government and the relevant services are taking every possible step, with currently available and limited information on the virus itself, the transmission routes, so that Croatia is ready to welcome every possible suspected case of new coronavirus infection.

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7. Situacija u svijetu 7. Situation in the world

Statistika o broju oboljelih. Statistics on the number of patients. Broj oboljelih se mijenja iz dana u dan, kao i broj osoba s teškom kliničkom slikom te broj umrlih. The number of patients is changing day by day, as is the number of people with a severe clinical picture and the number of deaths. Oboljeli su do sada zabilježeni u tridesetak država na području Jugoistočne Azije, Zapadnog Pacifika, Australije, Europe, Sjeverne Amerike i Afrike. The disease has so far been reported in some thirty countries in Southeast Asia, the West Pacific, Australia, Europe, North America and Africa. Najnoviji podaci o broju oboljelih i umrlih dostupni su na mrežnim stranicama Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo odnosno Europskog centra za suzbijanje i sprječavanje bolesti ( ECDC ). The latest figures on the number of patients and deaths are available on the websites of the Croatian Institute for Public Health and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Prevention ( ECDC ).

Broj zaraženih i umrlih u svijetu. Number of infected and dead in the world. Prema posljednjim dostupnim informacijama Europskog centra za suzbijanja i sprečavanje bolesti , 10. ožujka 2020. registrirano je 114 422 oboljelih osoba, te 4 027 smrti od novog koronavirusa. According to the latest available information from the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention , on March 10, 2020, 114 422 patients were registered and 4 027 deaths from the new coronavirus.

Kina. China. Broj zaraženih u Kini dosegao je 80 879. Od ukupnog broja smrtno stradalih, 3 139 je iz Kine. The number of people infected in China reached 80,879. Of the total number of deaths, 3,339 were from China. Od 24. siječnja zatvoren je aerodrom u Wuhanu te obustavljen javni prijevoz. As of January 24, Wuhan Airport was closed and public transport suspended.

Izvan Kine potvrđeno je 33 668 slučajeva u 110 zemalja. Outside China , 33,668 cases in 110 countries have been confirmed.

• Azija. Asia. Tajland (50/1), Tajvan (45/1), Republika Koreja (7513/54), Japan (514/9), Malezija (117), Singapur (160), Vijetnam (31), Nepal (1), Šri Lanka (1), Kambodža (2), Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati (59), Filipini (35/1), Indija (44), Libanon (41), Izrael (39), Iran (7161/237), Kuvajt (65), Oman (18), Bahrain (109), Pakistan (16), Afganistan (4), Hong Kong (100/3), Macao (10), Katar (18), Indonezija (6), Jordan (1), Saudijska Arabija (5), Irak (62/7) Palestina (20), Butan (1), Qatar (15), Saudijska Arabija (15), Maldivi (4), Bangladesh (3), Brunei Darussalam (1), Mongolija(1). Thailand (50/1), Taiwan (45/1), Republic of Korea (7513/54), Japan (514/9), Malaysia (117), Singapore (160), Vietnam (31), Nepal (1), Sri Lanka (1), Cambodia (2), United Arab Emirates (59), Philippines (35/1), India (44), Lebanon (41), Israel (39), Iran (7161/237), Kuwait (65) , Oman (18), Bahrain (109), Pakistan (16), Afghanistan (4), Hong Kong (100/3), Macau (10), Qatar (18), Indonesia (6), Jordan (1), Saudi Arabia (5), Iraq (62/7) Palestine (20), Bhutan (1), Qatar (15), Saudi Arabia (15), Maldives (4), Bangladesh (3), Brunei Darussalam (1), Mongolia ( 1).
• Europa. Europe. Ukupno u Europi je 14 890 zaraženih i 532 umrlih: Italija (9 172/464), Francuska (1412/30), Njemačka (1224/2), UK (321/5), Španjolska (1231/30), Rusija (20), Švedska (261), Finska (40), Belgija (239), Danska (113), Gruzija (15), Grčka (84), Sjeverna Makedonija (4), Norveška (227), Rumunjska (17), Švicarska (374/2), Austrija (131), Bjelorusija (6), Estonija (10), San Marino (51/7), Litva (1), Nizozemska (321/4), Island (65), Monaco (1), Azerbajdžan (9), Irska (24), Armenija (1), Luksemburg (5), Češka Republika (40), Andora (1), Portugal (39), Lihtenštajn (1), Latvija (6), Ukrajina (1), Slovenija (25), Mađarska (9), Poljska (17), Bosna i Hercegovina (5), Slovačka (7), Vatikan (1), Srbija (2), Malta (4), Bugarska (4) , Moldavija (1), Ukrajina (1), Albanija (6), Farski Otoci (2), Cipar (2). In Europe, there are 14 890 infected and 532 deaths: Italy (9 172/464), France (1412/30), Germany (1224/2), UK (321/5), Spain (1231/30), Russia (20 ), Sweden (261), Finland (40), Belgium (239), Denmark (113), Georgia (15), Greece (84), Northern Macedonia (4), Norway (227), Romania (17), Switzerland ( 374/2), Austria (131), Belarus (6), Estonia (10), San Marino (51/7), Lithuania (1), Netherlands (321/4), Iceland (65), Monaco (1), Azerbaijan (9), Ireland (24), Armenia (1), Luxembourg (5), Czech Republic (40), Andorra (1), Portugal (39), Liechtenstein (1), Latvia (6), Ukraine (1) , Slovenia (25), Hungary (9), Poland (17), Bosnia and Herzegovina (5), Slovakia (7), Vatican City (1), Serbia (2), Malta (4), Bulgaria (4), Moldova ( 1), Ukraine (1), Albania (6), Faroe Islands (2), Cyprus (2).
• Amerika. America. SAD (754/27), Kanada (77/1), Brazil (25) i Mexico (7), Ekvador (15), Dominikanska Republika (5), Argentina (12/1), Čile (13), Peru(9), Costa Rica (9), Paragvaj (1), Kolumbija (3), Panama (1). USA (754/27), Canada (77/1), Brazil (25) and Mexico (7), Ecuador (15), Dominican Republic (5), Argentina (12/1), Chile (13), Peru (9) ), Costa Rica (9), Paraguay (1), Colombia (3), Panama (1).
• Oceanija. Oceania. Australija (100/3), Novi Zeland (5). Australia (100/3), New Zealand (5).
• Afrika . Africa . Egipat (55/1), Alžir (20), Nigerija (2), Maroko (2), Tunis (2), Senegal (4), Kamerun (2), Togo (1) Južnoafrička Republika (7) te kruzer u japanskim vodama (696/7). Egypt (55/1), Algeria (20), Nigeria (2), Morocco (2), Tunisia (2), Senegal (4), Cameroon (2), Togo (1) South Africa (7) and the cruiser in Japanese waters (696/7).

Europa. Europe. U Europi su do 10. ožujka 2020. potvrđena 14 890 slučaja novog koronavirusa. In Europe, 14,890 cases of new coronavirus have been confirmed by 10 March 2020. Slučajevi u Europi su na početku bili uglavnom importirani (osobe koje su doputovale iz Kine), no dio novije prijavljenih slučajeva su lokalno stečeni, tj. nisu importirani nego su povezani s importiranim slučajem. Cases in Europe were initially imported (persons arriving from China), but some of the more recently reported cases were locally acquired, ie not imported but related to the imported case.

Italija. Italy. Od petka 21. veljače Italija je prijavila naglo povećanje broja oboljelih osoba sa lokalno stečenom infekcijom, posebice u dvije regije – Lombardija i Veneto. As of Friday 21 February, Italy reported a sharp increase in the number of people with locally acquired infection, especially in two regions - Lombardy and Veneto. Trenutno poduzimaju mjere rane detekcije oboljelih i njihovog adekvatnog medicinskog zbrinjavanja, kao i utvrđivanja kontakata i provođenja zdravstvenog nadzora nad njima u trajanju od 14 dana od zadnjeg kontakta s oboljelim, te provode restrikcije javnih okupljanja, zbivanja i prometa. They are currently undertaking measures for the early detection of patients and their adequate medical care, as well as for establishing contacts and conducting health surveillance over them within 14 days of the last contact with the patients, and are enforcing restrictions on public gatherings, events and traffic. Situacija u Italiji, koja se brzo razvija, pažljivo se prati. The rapidly evolving situation in Italy is closely monitored.

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8. Pitanja i odgovori 8. Questions and Answers

1. Što je novi COVID-2019? 1. What is the new COVID-2019? Što je SARS—CoV-2? What is SARS — CoV-2?

Novi koronavirus koji se pojavio 2019. godine nazvan je SARS—CoV-2, otkriven je u Kini krajem 2019. Radi se o novom soju koronavirusa koji prije nije bio otkriven kod ljudi. The new coronavirus that emerged in 2019, called SARS — CoV-2, was discovered in China at the end of 2019. It is a new coronavirus strain that has not been previously discovered in humans. Bolest uzrokovana tim virusom naziva se COVID-2019. The disease caused by this virus is called COVID-2019.

2. Odakle potječu koronavirusi? 2. Where do the coronaviruses come from?

Koronavirusi su virusi koji cirkuliraju među životinjama no neki od njih mogu prijeći na ljude. Coronaviruses are viruses that circulate in animals but some of them can pass to humans. Nakon što prijeđu sa životinje na čovjeka mogu se prenositi među ljudima. Once passed from animal to human, they can be transmitted to humans. Velik broj životinja su nositelji koronavirusa. A large number of animals are carriers of coronaviruses. Na primjer, koronavirus bliskoistočnog respiratornog sindroma (MERS-CoV) potječe od deva dok SARS potječe od cibetke, životinje iz reda zvijeri srodnih mačkama. For example, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) coronavirus originates from camels while SARS originates from civet, a cat-related animal.

3. Može li se ovaj virus usporediti sa SARS-om ili sezonskom gripom? 3. Can this virus be compared to SARS or seasonal flu?

Novi koronavirus otkriven u Kini genetski je usko povezan s virusom SARS iz 2003. i ta dva virusa imaju slične karakteristike, iako su podaci o ovom virusu još uvijek nepotpuni. The new coronavirus detected in China is genetically closely related to the 2003 SARS virus and the two viruses have similar characteristics, although data on the virus are still incomplete. SARS se pojavio krajem 2002. godine Kini. SARS appeared in late 2002 to China. U razdoblju od osam mjeseci 33 države su prijavile više od 8000 slučajeva zaraze virusom SARS-a. In the eight-month period, 33 countries reported more than 8,000 cases of SARS infection. Tada je od SARS-a umrla jedna od deset zaraženih osoba. Then one in ten infected people died from SARS. Trenutno dostupne informacije nisu dovoljne da bi se sa sigurnošću moglo reći koliko je smrtonosan 2019-nCoV. The information currently available is not enough to say for sure how deadly 2019-nCoV is. Ipak, preliminarni nalazi ukazuju na to da je on manje smrtonosan od SARS-CoV. Nevertheless, preliminary findings indicate that it is less lethal than SARS-CoV. Iako se nCoV i virusi gripe prenose s osobe na osobu i mogu imati slične simptome, ta dva virusa su vrlo različita te se stoga i ponašaju drugačije. Although nCoV and influenza viruses are transmitted from person to person and may have similar symptoms, the two viruses are very different and therefore behave differently. Još je prerano donositi zaključke o načinu širenja 2019- nCoV. It is still too early to reach conclusions on how to spread 2019- nCoV. Ipak, preliminarni podaci ukazuju na to da se 2019-nCoV prenosi kao SARS. Nevertheless, preliminary data indicate that 2019-nCoV is being transmitted as SARS.

4. Kako se virus prenosi? 4. How is the virus transmitted? Koliko lako se on širi? How easily does it spread?

Iako virus potječe od životinja, on se sada širi s osobe na osobu (prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka). Although the virus originates from animals, it is now spreading from person to person (human to human transmission). Trenutno dostupni epidemiološki podaci nisu dovoljni za utvrđivanje lakoće i uspješnosti širenja virusa među ljudima. The epidemiological data currently available are not sufficient to determine the ease and success of the spread of the virus among humans. Izgleda da se virus uglavnom prenosi kapljičnim putem pri kihanju i kašljanju. The virus seems to be mainly transmitted by drip when sneezing and coughing. Trenutno se procjenjuje da vrijeme inkubacije 2019-nCoV (vrijeme između izlaganja virusu i pojave simptoma) traje između dva i 12 dana. Currently, the 2019-nCoV incubation time (time between virus exposure and symptom onset) is estimated to be between two and 12 days. Iako su ljudi najzarazniji kada imaju simptome nalik gripi, postoje naznake da neki ljudi mogu prenijeti virus, a da nemaju simptome ili prije nego se oni pojave. Although people are most annoying when they have flu-like symptoms, there are signs that some people can transmit the virus without having symptoms or before they appear. Potvrdi li se ovaj podatak, to će otežati rano otkrivanje zaraze 2019-nCoV. Confirmation of this information will make early detection of 2019-nCoV infection more difficult. To nije neuobičajeno kod virusnih infekcija, kao što se vidi iz primjera ospica, ali za ovaj novi virus nema jasnih dokaza da se bolest može prenijeti prije pojave simptoma. This is not uncommon in viral infections, as can be seen from the example of measles, but for this new virus there is no clear evidence that the disease can be transmitted before the onset of symptoms. Ako se ljudi zaraženi 2019-nCoV testiraju i na vrijeme dijagnosticiraju te ako se provedu stroge mjere kontrole zaraze, vjerojatnost uspješnog prijenosa s čovjeka na čovjeka među europskim stanovništvom je niska. If people infected with 2019-nCoV are tested and diagnosed on time and rigorous infection control measures are implemented, the likelihood of successful human-to-human transmission among the European population is low. Sustavna provedba mjera za prevenciju i kontrolu pokazala se učinkovitom u kontroli SARSCoV i MERS-CoV virusa. The systematic implementation of prevention and control measures has proven effective in controlling SARSCoV and MERS-CoV viruses.

Medicinski podaci Medical information

1. Koji su simptomi zaraze 2019-nCoV? 1. What are the symptoms of 2019-nCoV infection?

Koliko je poznato, virus može uzrokovati blage simptome slične gripi poput As far as is known, the virus can cause mild flu-like symptoms like

• povišene tjelesne temperature fever
• kašlja coughing
• otežanog disanja shortness of breath
• bolova u mišićima i muscle pain and
• umora. murder.

U težim slučajevima javlja se teška upala pluća, sindrom akutnog otežanog disanja, sepsa i septički šok koji mogu uzrokovati smrt pacijenta. In severe cases, severe pneumonia, acute shortness of breath syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock can occur which can cause death of the patient. Osobe koje boluju od kroničnih bolesti podložnije su težim oboljenjima. People with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to serious illnesses.

2. Jesu li neki ljudi pod većim rizikom od drugih? 2. Are some people at greater risk than others?

Općenito djeca, starije osobe i osobe s kroničnim bolestima (poput povišenog tlaka, srčanih bolesti, dijabetesa, poremećaja jetre i bolesti dišnih puteva) imaju veći rizik razvoja težih simptoma zaraznih bolesti. In general, children, the elderly and those with chronic illnesses (such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, liver disorders and respiratory diseases) are at increased risk of developing more serious infectious disease symptoms. S obzirom na to da se radi o novoj bolesti te da su dostupni podaci nepotpuni, još nije poznato koje skupine ljudi imaju teži ishod zaraze COVID-19. Given that this is a new disease and the data available are incomplete, it is not yet known which groups of people have a more severe outcome of COVID-19 infection.

3. Postoji li liječenje bolesti uzrokovane SARS—CoV-2? 3. Is there a cure for SARS-CoV-2 disease?

Ne postoji posebno liječenje za ovu bolest. There is no specific cure for this disease. Pristup liječenju pacijenata s infekcijama vezanim za koronaviruse je liječenje kliničkih simptoma (npr. povišene temperature). An approach to treating patients with coronavirus-related infections is to treat clinical symptoms (eg fever). Pružanje njege (npr. pomoćna terapija i praćenje – terapija kisikom, infuzija i antiviralni lijekovi) može biti vrlo učinkovito kod zaraženih osoba. The provision of care (eg adjunctive therapy and monitoring - oxygen therapy, infusion and antiviral medication) can be very effective in infected persons.

4. Gdje se mogu testirati? 4. Where can I test?

Ako vaš liječnik smatra da se trebate testirati na SARS—CoV-2, uputit će vas u daljnji postupak. If your doctor thinks you need to be tested for SARS — CoV-2, he or she will refer you for further procedure. Trenutno se dijagnostika provodi samo u Klinici za infektivne bolesti „Dr. Currently, diagnostics are only performed at the Infectious Diseases Clinic “Dr. Fran Mihaljević“ u Zagrebu. Fran Mihaljević ”in Zagreb.

Prevencija Prevention

1. Kako izbjeći zarazu? 1. How to avoid infection?

Ako boravite u Kini i drugim rizičnim područjima: If you reside in China and other risk areas:

• Izbjegavajte kontakt s bolesnim ljudima, pogotovo ljudima koji kašlju Avoid contact with sick people, especially people who cough
• Izbjegavajte tržnice i mjesta gdje se drže žive ili mrtve životinje Avoid markets and places where live or dead animals are kept
• Pridržavajte se općih pravila o higijeni ruku i hrane Follow the general rules on hand and food hygiene
• Prije jela, nakon toaleta ili diranja životinja perite ruke sapunom i vodom ili koristite dezinficijens na bazi alkohola Wash hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based disinfectant before eating, after toileting or touching animals
• Izbjegavajte doticaj sa životinjama, njihovim izlučevinama ili izmetom. Avoid contact with animals, their excrement or feces.

Gdje god putujete, pridržavajte se općih pravila o higijeni ruku i hrane. Wherever you travel, follow the general rules on hand and food hygiene.

2. Što učiniti ako sam bio u bliskom doticaju s osobom oboljelom od COVID-19? 2. What if I was in close contact with a person with COVID-19?

Javiti se epidemiologu ili liječniku. Report to an epidemiologist or doctor. Osoba koja je tijekom zadnjih 14 dana bila u bliskom kontaktu s oboljelim od COVID-19 bit će stavljena pod aktivni nadzor u samoizolaciji. A person who has been in close contact with COVID-19 patients for the past 14 days will be placed under active surveillance in self-isolation. To znači da će osoba biti u samoizolaciji kod kuće, mjeriti tjelesnu temperaturu jednom dnevno te biti u svakodnevnom kontaktu s nadležnim epidemiologom. This means that the person will be in self-isolation at home, measure their body temperature once a day and be in daily contact with a competent epidemiologist. Ako osoba pod zdravstvenim nadzorom razvije znakove respiratorne bolesti, epidemiolog koji provodi nadzor postupit će u skladu sa sumnjom na COVID-19 (dogovara se transport u bolnicu radi dijagnostike i liječenja), a kontakti se stavljaju pod zdravstveni nadzor. If a person under medical surveillance develops signs of a respiratory illness, the epidemiologist conducting the surveillance will act in accordance with the suspected COVID-19 (transportation to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment is agreed) and the contacts shall be placed under medical supervision. Ako osoba po završetku zdravstvenog nadzora ne razvije simptome respiratorne bolesti, epidemiolog šalje obavijest o završetku zdravstvenog nadzora nadležnim ustanovama. If a person does not develop symptoms of respiratory disease upon completion of health surveillance, the epidemiologist shall send a notice of completion of health surveillance to the competent authorities.

3. Koja su pravila za dezinfekciju/pranje ruku? 3. What are the rules for disinfection / hand washing?

Pranje i dezinfekcija ruku ključni su za sprječavanje infekcije. Handwashing and disinfection are key to preventing infection. Ruke treba prati često i temeljito sapunom i vodom najmanje 20 sekundi. Hands should be washed frequently and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Kada sapun i voda nisu dostupni možete koristiti dezinficijens koji sadrži najmanje 60% alkohola. When soap and water are not available you can use a disinfectant containing at least 60% alcohol. Virus ulazi u tijelo kroz oči, nos i usta. The virus enters the body through the eyes, nose and mouth. Stoga ih nemojte dirati neopranim rukama. So do not touch them with unwashed hands.

4. Jesu li kirurške maske učinkovita zaštita protiv SARS—CoV-2? 4. Are surgical masks effective protection against SARS-CoV-2?

Kirurške maske sprječavaju širenje infekcije s bolesnih ljudi na druge. Surgical masks prevent the spread of infection from sick people to others. Kirurške maske su manje učinkovite u zaštiti ljudi koji nisu zaraženi. Surgical masks are less effective in protecting people who are not infected. Za uobičajeni socijalni kontatakt s oboljelim dovoljna je kirurška maska i održavanje udaljenosti najmanje jedan metar od bolesnika. For the usual social contact with the patient, a surgical mask and a distance of at least one meter from the patient is sufficient. Zdravstvenim djelatnicima koji su u doticaju s pacijentima za koje se sumnja ili je potvrđen SARS—CoV-2 savjetuje se korištenje kirurške maske ili maske veće razine filtriranja (FFP2), a kod zahvata gdje se stvara aerosol FFP3 maske. Health care professionals who are in contact with patients who have suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 are advised to use a surgical mask or a high-level filtering mask (FFP2), and for procedures where an aerosol FFP3 mask is generated.

5. Postoji li cjepivo protiv SARS—CoV-2? 5. Is there a vaccine against SARS — CoV-2?

Trenutno ne postoji cjepivo protiv koronavirusa, pa tako ni protiv SARS—CoV-2. There is currently no coronavirus vaccine, and no SARS — CoV-2 vaccine. Zato je važno spriječiti infekciju ili njeno daljnje širenje. That is why it is important to prevent the infection or its further spread.

6. Štiti li me ovogodišnje cjepivo protiv gripe od SARS—CoV-2? 6. Does this year's SARS-CoV-2 flu vaccine protect me?

Virus gripe i SARS—CoV-2 su vrlo različiti i cjepivo protiv sezonske gripe ne štiti od bolesti uzrokovane virusom SARS—CoV-2. The flu virus and SARS-CoV-2 are very different and the seasonal flu vaccine does not protect against the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Međutim, sezona gripe u Europi još traje, a cjepivo protiv gripe je najbolja dostupna zaštita od sezonske gripe. However, the flu season in Europe is still ongoing, and the flu vaccine is the best available protection against seasonal flu.

Kakva je trenutna situacija u Hrvatskoj vezano za COVID-19? What is the current situation in Croatia regarding COVID-19?

1. Što se poduzima u Hrvatskoj? 1. What is being done in Croatia?

Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo, u suradnji sa Klinikom za infektivne bolesti, napravio je postupnik za zdravstvene djelatnike u slučaju postavljanja sumnje na novi koronavirus. The Croatian Institute of Public Health, in collaboration with the Clinic for Infectious Diseases, has developed a procedure for healthcare professionals in case of suspicion of a new coronavirus. U postupniku su detaljno opisani kriteriji za postavljanje sumnje na infekciju, način postupanja sa osobom kod koje se posumnja na infekciju, način uzimanja i slanja uzoraka za dijagnostiku, te mjere prevencije i suzbijanja širenja zaraze u zdravstvenim ustanovama u slučaju postavljanja sumnje na novi koronavirus SARS—CoV-2. The procedure details the criteria for suspicion of infection, how to treat the person suspected of infection, how to take and send samples for diagnosis, and measures to prevent and control the spread of infection in healthcare facilities when suspected new SARS coronavirus— CoV-second Postupnik se redovito ažurira ovisno o novim spoznajama o samoj epidemiji i bolesti. The post-graduate is regularly updated depending on new insights into the epidemic itself and the disease.

Na web stranicama Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo objavljene su i informacije o novom koronavirusu za javnost kako bi građani u svakom trenutku mogli imati dostupne informacije koje možete naći ovdje . Information on the new coronavirus has been published on the website of the Croatian Institute of Public Health so that citizens can have the information available at any time, which you can find here .

Izrađeni su i letci na hrvatskom, engleskom i kineskom jeziku za putnike koji putuju u zahvaćena područja i za putnike koji se iz njih vraćaju. Leaflets in Croatian, English and Chinese were also created for travelers traveling to the affected areas and for returning passengers. Letci sadrže upute o mjerama prevencije prilikom putovanja, te što činiti u slučaju pojave znakova infekcije kao i kontakte nadležnih pripravnih epidemiologa. The leaflets contain instructions on travel prevention measures and what to do in case of signs of infection, as well as contacts with competent epidemiologists.

Izrađene su i detaljne upute za postupanje na graničnim prijelazima s osobama koje ulaze u Hrvatsku, a unazad su 14 dana boravili na području zahvaćenom epidemijom COVID-19. Detailed instructions were also drawn up for the treatment of border crossing points with persons entering Croatia, and for 14 days they stayed in the area affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.

Na web stranicama Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo redovito se objavljuju aktualni podaci o broju oboljelih i savjeti vezani za sigurnost i zaštitu stanovništva. The web site of the Croatian Institute of Public Health regularly publishes up-to-date information on the number of patients and advice on the safety and protection of the population.

2. Je li tko zaražen u Europi? 2. Is anyone infected in Europe?

Od pojave virusa, u Europi je zabilježeno više stotina slučaja zaraze. Since the onset of the virus, hundreds of cases of infection have been reported in Europe. S obzirom na velik protok ljudi i činjenicu da se virus prenosi s osobe na osobu, očekuje se još slučajeva u Europi. Given the large flow of people and the fact that the virus is transmitted from person to person, more cases are expected in Europe.

3. Zašto broj slučajeva tako brzo raste? 3. Why is the number of cases growing so fast?

Dva glavna razloga za brzi porast broja slučajeva su prijenos virusa s osobe na osobu i poboljšanje sposobnosti otkrivanja slučajeva. Two major reasons for the rapid increase in cases are the transmission of viruses from person to person and the improvement of case detection capabilities. Nagli porast broja slučajeva čest je u početnoj fazi javljanja nove bolesti. A sudden increase in the number of cases is common in the initial phase of new disease.

Informacije za putnike Information for travelers

1. Trebam li odgoditi putovanje u Aziju? 1. Should I postpone my trip to Asia?

Trenutno je većina slučajeva zabilježena u Kini dok su izvan Kine zabilježeni samo sporadični slučajevi. Currently, most cases are reported in China while only sporadic cases have been reported outside China. Vjerojatnost zaraze u ostalim azijskim zemljama trenutno je niska. The likelihood of infection in other Asian countries is currently low. Međutim, zaraza se vrlo brzo širi i zato se vremenom mijenja i rizik od infekcije. However, the infection spreads very quickly, which is why the risk of infection changes over time.

2. Što ako sam nedavno bio u Kini, Republici Koreji ili Italiji (regije Veneto ili Lombardia) i razbolio se? 2. What if I had recently been to China, the Republic of Korea, or Italy (Veneto or Lombardia regions) and became ill?

Osoba koja je unazad 14 dana boravila u Kini ili na drugim zahvaćenim područjima i naglo razvije znakove bolesti dišnih puteva (povišena tjelesna temperatura, kašalj, grlobolja ili teškoće disanja) treba se telefonom javiti nadležnom epidemiologu, opisati znakove bolesti i reći kada je boravila u Kini. A person who has resided in China or other affected areas for 14 days and develops rapidly signs of respiratory disease (fever, cough, sore throat or difficulty breathing) should contact a competent epidemiologist by phone, describe the signs of the disease, and tell when he or she has been in China. . Osobe koje su u zadnjih 14 dana prije ulaska u Hrvatsku boravile na području zahvaćenom epidemijom bolesti koju izaziva SARS—CoV-2 bit će stavljene pod zdravstveno nadzor u samoizolaciju pri ulasku u Hrvatsku. Persons who have resided in the area affected by the SARS-CoV-2 disease epidemic in the last 14 days before entering Croatia will be placed under health surveillance in self-isolation upon entering Croatia. To znači da će im ako nemaju simptome bolesti pri ulasku u zemlju granični sanitarni inspektor izdati rješenje o podvrgavanju zdravstvenom nadzoru u samoizolaciji kod kuće te će biti u kontaktu s nadležnim epidemiologom tijekom trajanja nadzora. This means that if they do not have symptoms of illness upon entering the country, the Border Inspector will issue a decision to undergo health surveillance in self-isolation at home and will be in contact with the competent epidemiologist for the duration of the surveillance. Ako osoba tijekom zdravstvenog nadzora razvije simptome respiratorne bolesti ili povišenu temperature, epidemiolog će postupiti u skladu sa sumnjom na bolesti uzrokovanu COVID-19 (dogovara se transport u bolnicu radi dijagnostike i liječenja), a bliski kontakti se stavljaju pod zdravstveni nadzor u samoizolaciji kod kuće ili organiziranoj karanteni ako nema uvjeta za samoizolaciju. If a person develops symptoms of respiratory illness or fever during health surveillance, the epidemiologist will act on suspicion of illness caused by COVID-19 (transportation to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment is agreed), and close contacts are put under health surveillance in self-isolation at home or organized quarantine if there are no conditions for self-isolation.

3. Što se događa tijekom leta ili u zračnoj luci? 3. What happens during the flight or at the airport?

Ako se tijekom leta uoče znakovi bolesti kod nekog od putnika osoblje zrakoplova će svim putnicima podijeliti anketne listiće (Passenger locator cards) koje moraju ispuniti. If signs of illness are detected by one of the passengers during the flight, the aircraft staff will hand out all Passenger locator cards to all passengers. Osoblje zrakoplova će zatim pokupiti listiće prije slijetanja zrakoplova i po slijetanju ih predati državnom sanitarnom inspektoru na graničnom prijelazu. The aircraft staff will then pick up the slips before landing the aircraft and, upon landing, hand them over to the state sanitary inspector at the border crossing. Na temelju listića i anketiranja granični sanitarni inspektor će izdati rješenje o zdravstvenom nadzoru te putnike uputiti na teritorijalno nadležnog epidemiologa. Based on the slip and survey, the border sanitary inspector will issue a decision on health surveillance and refer passengers to a territorially competent epidemiologist. Epidemiolog će biti u kontaktu s putnicima koji su mu upućeni te će prikupiti dodatne podatke o vjerojatnosti zaraze, ovisno o načinu kontakta s oboljelim putnikom te primijeniti odgovarajući zdravstveni nadzor. The epidemiologist will be in contact with the referred passengers and will collect additional information on the likelihood of infection, depending on the mode of contact with the affected passenger and apply appropriate health surveillance. Ako osoba po završetku zdravstvenog nadzora ne razvije simptome respiratorne bolesti, epidemiolog šalje obavijest o završetku zdravstvenog nadzora nadležnim ustanovama. If a person does not develop symptoms of respiratory disease upon completion of health surveillance, the epidemiologist shall send a notice of completion of health surveillance to the competent authorities. Oboljela osoba iz zrakoplova bit će prevezena u bolnicu na daljnju obradu. The diseased person from the aircraft will be transported to the hospital for further treatment. Ako se prije isteka zdravstvenog nadzora pokaže da oboljeli putnik ne boluje od SARS—CoV-2 prekida se zdravstveni nadzor nad njegovim kontaktima. If it becomes apparent before the expiry of the medical surveillance that the sick passenger does not suffer from SARS — CoV-2, the medical surveillance of his contacts is terminated.

Rizik od zaraze u zračnoj luci sličan je riziku na svakom drugom mjestu gdje se okuplja velik broj ljudi. The risk of contagion at an airport is similar to that of any other place where large numbers of people gather.

Virus SARS—CoV-2 i životinje i prehrambeni proizvodi SARS — CoV-2 virus and animals and food products

1. Što je sa životinjama ili proizvodima životinjskog porijekla uvezenim iz Kine? 1. What about animals or products of animal origin imported from China?

Zbog situacije sa zdravljem životinja u Kini, odnosno prisustva zaraznih bolesti kod životinja, dozvoljen je samo ograničen uvoz životinja i neprerađenih proizvoda životinjskog porijekla iz Kine u Europsku uniju. Due to the animal health situation in China, or the presence of infectious diseases in animals, only a limited import of animals and unprocessed products of animal origin from China into the European Union is allowed. Ne postoje dokazi da životinje ili proizvodi životinjskog porijekla kojima je odobren uvoz u Europsku uniju predstavljaju rizik za zdravlje građana Europske unije zbog prisutnosti COVID-19 u Kini. There is no evidence that animals or products of animal origin authorized to import into the European Union pose a risk to the health of European Union citizens due to the presence of COVID-19 in China.

2. Što s hranom uvezenom iz Kine? 2. What about food imported from China?

Što se tiče uvoza životinja i proizvoda životinjskog porijekla, zbog situacije sa zdravljem životinja u Kini, dozvoljen je uvoz samo nekolicine proizvoda životinjskog porijekla iz Kine u Europsku uniju uz uvjet da ispunjavaju stroge zdravstvene norme i da su podvrgnute kontrolama. As regards imports of animals and products of animal origin, due to the animal health situation in China, only a few animal products from China to the European Union are allowed to enter the EU, provided they meet strict health standards and are subject to controls. Iz istih razloga putnici koji ulaze u carinski prostor Europske unije ne smiju u prtljazi nositi meso, mesne proizvode, mlijeko ili mliječne proizvode. For the same reasons, passengers entering the customs territory of the European Union must not carry meat, meat products, milk or milk products in their luggage. Nije zabilježen prijenos SARS—CoV-2 putem hrane te stoga nema dokaza da prehrambeni proizvodi uvezeni iz Kine u Europsku uniju u skladu s propisima o sigurnosti zdravlja ljudi i životinja predstavljaju zdravstveni rizik za građane Europske unije vezan za COVID-19. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via food has not been reported and therefore there is no evidence that food products imported from China to the European Union in accordance with human and animal health safety regulations pose a health risk to European Union citizens related to COVID-19. On se prvenstveno prenosi s jedne osobe na drugu. It is primarily transmitted from one person to another.

3. Što s kontaktom s kućnim ljubimcima i drugim životinjama u Europskoj uniji? 3. What about contact with pets and other animals in the European Union?

Postojeća istraživanja povezuju SARS—CoV-2 s nekim vrstama šišmiša u Kini no nije isključeno prisustvo kod drugih životinja. Existing research has linked SARS — CoV-2 to some bat species in China, but the presence in other animals has not been ruled out. Nekoliko vrsta koronavirusa se javlja kod životinja i mogu se prenositi na druge životinje i ljude. Several types of coronaviruses occur in animals and can be transmitted to other animals and humans. Nije dokazano da kućni ljubimci (npr. psi i mačke) imaju veći rizik zaraze nego ljudi. Pets (eg dogs and cats) have not been shown to be at higher risk of infection than humans. Kao mjera opće predostrožnosti, u kontaktu sa životinjama pridržavajte se osnovnih načela higijene. As a general precautionary measure, observe the basic principles of hygiene in contact with animals.

4. Sigurnost poštanskih pošiljki iz Kine 4. Security of postal items from China

Smatramo na temelju dostupnih podataka o novom koronavirusu io ranije poznatim koronavirusima, da je rizik od prijenosa novog koronavirusa na ljude putem poštanskih pošiljki zanemariv. Based on the information available on the new coronavirus and on previously known coronaviruses, we believe that the risk of transmitting the new coronavirus to humans via mail is negligible. Naime, prijenos novog koronavirusa putem poštanskih pošiljki nije još nigdje zabilježen. Namely, the transmission of the new coronavirus via postal items has not yet been recorded. Iako nisu u potpunosti razjašnjeni putovi prijenosa ovog novog virusa, svi dostupni podaci upućuju na to da je za prijenos s čovjeka na čovjeka potreban bliski kontakt poput obiteljskog kontakta (njegovanje oboljeloga) ili manipuliranje s bolesnikom u zdravstvenoj ustanovi. Although the transmission pathways of this new virus have not been fully understood, all available data indicate that close human-to-human transmission (family care) or manipulation of a patient in a healthcare facility is required for human-to-human transmission.

Svi do danas poznati koronavirusi, uključujući virus koji je prije 18 godina uzrokovao SARS i virus koji unazad sedam godina uzrokuje MERS prenose se izravnim bliskim kontaktom (kapljičnim putem) i vrlo su osjetljivi na atmosferske uvjete (vrlo kratko zadržavaju infektivnost izvan ljudskog tijela) te ni za jedan od njih nije utvrđen prijenos putem poštanskih pošiljki. All known coronaviruses to date, including the virus that caused SARS 18 years ago and the virus that causes MERS seven years ago, are transmitted by direct close contact (drip) and are very sensitive to atmospheric conditions (very briefly retain infectivity outside the human body) and neither one of them has not been identified by postage.

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